• 2025-10-09

Химийн салбарын Нобелийн шагналтнуудыг зарлалаа

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Японы химич Китагава Сусумү, Америкийн химич Ричард Робсон, Омар М.Яги нар энэ оны химийн салбарын Нобелийн шагналын эздээр тодорлоо. Энэхүү шагналыг металлорганикийн шинэ нэгдлүүдийг үүсгэснийх нь төлөө тэдэнд олгохоор шийдвэрлэжээ.  

"Эрдэмтэд хий болон бусад химийн бодис нэвтрэх боломжтой том зай завсар бүхий молекулын бүтцүүдийг үүсгэжээ. "Metal-organic frameworks" хэмээн нэрлэдэг эдгээр бүтцийг цөлийн агаараас усны уур шингээхэд, нүүрстөрөгчийн давхар ислийг ялгаж авахад, хорт хийг хадгалахад, эсвэл химийн урвалын катализатор болгон ашиглах боломжтой" гэж Нобелийн хорооны хэвлэлийн мэдээнд дурдсан байна.

2025 оны Химийн салбарын Нобелийн шагналтнууд:

  • Шагналын эзэд:
    • Китагава Сусумү (Япон, Киотогийн их сургууль, профессор)
    • Ричард Робсон (Их Британи, Мельбурны их сургууль, профессор)
    • Омар М. Яги (Иордан гаралтай, АНУ-ын Калифорнийн их сургууль, профессор)
  • Шагнал хүртсэн бүтээл:
    • Метал-органик бүтцүүд (MOF) буюу хий, химийн бодис шингээх, ялгах, хадгалах чадвартай нүх сүвэрхэг молекулын бүтэц зохион бүтээсэн.
    • MOF нь нүүрстөрөгчийн суурьтай органик молекулууд болон металлын ионуудын зохион байгуулалттай холбогдлоор үүсдэг.
    • Эдгээр бүтцийг ус шингээх, CO₂ ялгах, хорт хийг хадгалах, катализатор болгон ашиглаж болно.
  • Нобелийн хорооны үнэлгээ:
    • "Метал-органик бүтцүүд нь урьд өмнө байгаагүй шинж чанартай материалыг 'захиалгаар' бүтээх боломжийг нээсэн."

Түүхэн баримт:

  • 1901 оноос хойш Химийн салбарын Нобелийн шагналыг 116 удаа олгосон.
  • 195 хүн энэ шагналыг хүртжээ.
  • 8 удаа (1916–1919, 1924, 1933, 1940–1942) шагналыг олгоогүй.

Өнгөрсөн оны (2024) Нобелийн шагнал:

  • Дэвид Бейкер, Жон Жампер, Демис Хассабис нар уургийн бүтцийг судалж, хиймэл оюуны тусламжтайгаар уургийн нарийн бүтэц таамаглах загвар бүтээсэн.

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