• 2026-03-04

HPV буюу Хүний хөхөнцөр вирус гэж юу вэ? Вакцины тухай

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HPV-Human Papiloma Virus буюу Хүний хөхөнцөр вирус нь 2000 онд Дэлхийн эрүүл мэндийн байгууллагын мэдээлснээр 100 гаруй хэв шинж нь бүртгэгдсэн байна. Үүнээс 14 төрөл нь хавдрын шалтгаан болж байна.

Монгол Улсын урт хугацааны хөгжлийн бодлого “Алсын хараа-2050”-ын хүрээнд нэн шаардлагатай вакциныг хүн бүрт хүртээмжтэй болгох, Монгол Улсын Засгийн газрын 2020-2024 оны үйл ажиллагааны хөтөлбөрийг хэрэгжүүлэх арга хэмжээний төлөвлөгөөний хүрээнд Эрүүл Мэндийн Сайдын 2021 оны А/360 дугаар тушаалаар баталсан “Хавдрын эсрэг арга хэмжээний төлөвлөгөө”, 2022 оны А/528 дугаар тушаалаар баталсан “Халдварт өвчинтэй тэмцэх, сэргийлэх арга хэмжээний 2022- 2025 оны төлөвлөгөө” нд ХПВ-ийн халдварын эсрэг вакциныг товлолын дархлаажуулалтад нэвтрүүлж уг вирусийн халдварын шалтгаант хорт хавдрын өвчлөл, нас баралтыг бууруулах зорилтыг дэвшүүлсэн.

Монгол улсын урт болон дунд хугацааны хөгжлийн төлөвлөлт, өвчний дарамт, судалгаа, нотолгоонд үндэслэн Дархлаажуулалтын тухай хуулийн 10.1-д Заавал хийх дархлаажуулалтад хүний папиллома вирусийн халдварын эсрэг сэргийлэх тарилгыг нэмэх тухай нэмэлт өөрчлөлт орж Монгол Улсын Засгийн газрын 2023 оны 12 дугаар сарын 27-ны өдрийн 472 дугаар тогтоолын дагуу “Дархлаажуулалтын үндэсний товлол”-д 11 настай хүүхдэд (эрэгтэй, эмэгтэй) 1 тунгаар хийхээр тус тус батлагдсан.

2024 оны байдлаар ДЭМБ-ын шаардлага хангаж, хэрэглэх зөвшөөрөл бүхий ХПВ-ийн халдварын эсрэг 3 төрлийн вакциныг хэрэглэж байна. Үүнд:

  • Хоёр цэнт вакцин (зөвхөн хавдар үүсгэдэг 16 ба 18 хэвшинжийн эсрэг)
  • Дөрвөн цэнт вакцин (бэлгийн үү ба кандиломын 90%-ийг үүсгэдэг 6 ба 11, мөн хавдар үүсгэдэг 16 ба 18 хэвшинжийн эсрэг)
  • Есөн цэнт вакцин (6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58 хэв шинжийн эсрэг)

ДЭМБ, үйлдвэрлэгчийн зааварт вакциныг 9 наснаас дээш насанд, ХПВ-ийн халдварт өртөхөөс нь өмнө дархлаажуулалтад хамруулахыг зөвлөдөг.

ХПВ-ийн халдварын эсрэг вакцин 2009 онд тусгай зөвшөөрөл авсан. Одоогоор 6 вакцинд тусгай зөвшөөрөл олгоод байна. Бүх вакциныг рекомбинант ДНХ болон эс өсгөвөрлөх технологийг ашиглан, вирус төст бичил хэсэг (VLPs) гэж нэрлэгддэг ХПВ-ийн өвөрмөц төрлийн хоосон бүрхүүл үүсгэхийн тулд цэвэршүүлсэн L1 бүтцийн уургаас бэлтгэдэг. ХПВ-ийн вакцин нь биологийн амьд бүтээгдэхүүн, вирусийн ДНХ агуулаагүй тул халдваргүй байдаг. ХПВ-ийн вакцинууд нь янз бүрийн экспрессийн системийг ашигладаг, туслах бодис агуулдаг бөгөөд антибиотик болон хадгалалтын бодис агуулдаггүй.

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